Klasifikasi Penyakit Serangan Jantung Menggunakan Metode Machine Learning K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) dan Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for disorders related to the heart, coronary arteries, and blood vessels. These diseases are most commonly caused by blocked blood vessels, either due to fat buildup or internal bleeding. According to the WHO, each year, cardiovascular diseases account for 32% of all deaths, which translates to about 17.9 million people annually. The numerous factors causing CVD make it challenging for doctors to diagnose patients who are at low or higher risk of heart attacks. A machine learning model is needed for the early recognition of heart attack symptoms. Supervised learning models such as KNN and SVM were used in previous studies without feature selection, with datasets obtained from Kaggle. PCA was applied to reduce data dimensions to smaller variables. With the use of confusion matrix and ROC curve evaluations, the accuracy results of the previous KNN model improved from 83.6% to 90.16%. The SVM model also saw an accuracy increase from 85.7% to 86.88%. The use of PCA feature selection demonstrated an improvement in accuracy in the study. The KNN model, with a higher accuracy rate of 90.16%, is better for classifying individuals as normal or diagnosed with a heart attack.