Magnesium–Lithium Hybrid Batteries

Abstract

Magnesium ion batteries are emerging as promising energy storage devices owing to their natural abundance, safety, and cost-effectiveness. The commercialization of magnesium ion batteries is dragged by its sluggish kinetics of Mg2+ ions and high polarizability. Energy storage devices with Li intercalated cathode material with Mg metal forming Mg–Li hybrid batteries unlock a new horizon for battery technology. The introduction of Mg–Li hybrid batteries not only circumvents the shortcomings of both Mg and Li electrochemistry but also improves cycle life, charge–discharge cycles, and coloumbic efficiency. However, practical applications are still in their infancy, and research based on the experimental and theoretical results aids in the improvement of the hybrid lithium–magnesium battery technology. The synergic effect of different double salt electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes employed in these batteries will be explored by rational design and technology. The strategic approaches and the technical challenges of Li–Mg hybrid batteries and their future perspectives are discussed in detail.