Synthesis of organic-inorganic composite materials by sol-gel method

Abstract

This article reviews the principles of hydrolytic polycondensation of tetramethoxysilane in alkaline media.Depending on the tetramethoxysilane concentration, both nanoscale monodisperse SiO2 particles as well as monolithic samples of xerogels were synthesized.Pyridine derivatives, representatives of several chemically and thermally stable aromatics, which perform the function of catalysts, were selected for the work.During the sol-gel process of tetramethoxysilane hydrolysis and the polycondensation of compounds formed with the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine as a catalyst, a linear increase in the pKa of the combined acid to 9.70 was observed.Since the particles formed in an alkaline medium are negatively charged and repel each other, their growth occurs by the condensation mechanism due to the dissolution of smaller particles.Heating the sol-gel system for 30 min does not increase the particle size, but brings the gelation point closer.Thus, a small amount of catalyst leads to the formation of a group of particles with a small diameter and a tendency to polycondensate, but a larger amount of catalyst concentration causing the formation of very large particles.The physicochemical properties of the synthesized particles were determined.The dimensions of the processed samples were recorded using a scanning microscope