Highly Stable Photoluminescence in Vacuum‐Processed Halide Perovskite Core–Shell 1D Nanostructures

Abstract

Abstract Hybrid organometal halide perovskites (HP) present exceptional optoelectronic properties, but their poor long‐term stability is a major bottleneck for their commercialization. Herein, a solvent‐free approach to growing single‐crystal organic nanowires (ONW) is presented, along with nanoporous metal oxide scaffolds and HP, to form a core@multishell architecture. The synthesis is carried out under mild vacuum conditions employing thermal evaporation for the metal‐free phthalocyanine (H 2 Pc) nanowires, which are the core, plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the TiO 2 shell, and co‐evaporation of lead iodide (PbI 2 ) and methylammonium iodide (CH 3 NH 3 I/MAI) for the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 /MAPI) perovskite shell. A detailed characterization of the nanostructures by electron microscopy, (S)‐TEM, and X‐ray diffraction, XRD, is presented, revealing a different crystallization of the HP depending on the template: while the growth on H 2 Pc nanowires induces the typical MAPI tetragonal structure, a low‐dimensional phase (LDP) is observed on the 1D‐TiO 2 nanotubes. Such a combination yields an unprecedentedly stable photoluminescence emission over 20 h and over 300 h after encapsulation in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) under different atmospheres including N 2 , air, and high moisture levels. Moreover, the unique 1D morphology of the system, together with the high refractive index, allows for a strong waveguiding effect along the HP nanowire length.