The Elimination of Levofloxacin from High-Salinity Wastewater via the Electrochlorination Process

Abstract

The electrochlorination (E-Cl) process has attracted much attention as it is a highly efficient method for treating organic compounds in hypersaline wastewater. In this study, the E-Cl process was utilized for the removal of antibiotics. The optimal experimental conditions were determined to be a NaCl concentration of 100 mM, a current density of 1.5 mA/cm2, a pH of 7.0, and a plate spacing of 1 cm, with a levofloxacin (LEV) degradation efficiency reaching as high as 99% using this setup. The effects of the presence of other ions and humic acid on the E-Cl process were investigated, and it was found that the degradation of LEV was not significantly affected by the presence of coexisting substances. In addition, free chlorine was identified as the primary active species for the degradation of LEV by means of a quenching experiment. It was demonstrated by 3D EEM and TOC that LEV was not completely mineralized and that intermediate products may be present. In order to reveal the degradation pathways of LEV, its degradation products were also analyzed via LC-MS, and some possible pathways of LEV degradation in this system were proposed. The successful degradation of LEV demonstrated that the E-Cl process is an efficient and promising technique for the treatment of organic pollutants in high-salinity wastewater.