Interfacial Engineering of MoS₂@CoS₂ Heterostructure Electrocatalysts for Effective pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

The practical utilization of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) necessitates the creation of electrocatalysts that are both efficient and abundant in earth elements, capable of operating effectively within a wide pH range. However, this objective continues to present itself as an arduous obstacle. In this research, we propose the incorporation of sulfur vacancies in a novel heterojunction formed by MoS₂@CoS₂, designed to exhibit remarkable catalytic performances. This efficacy is attributed to the advantageous combination of the low work function and space charge zone at the interface between MoS₂ and CoS₂ in the heterojunction. The MoS₂@CoS₂ heterojunction manifests outstanding hydrogen evolution activity over an extensive pH range. Remarkably, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm^-2 in aqueous solutions 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H₂SO₄, and 1.0 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively, requires only an overpotential of 48, 62, and 164 mV. The Tafel slopes for each case are 43, 32, and 62 mV dec^-1, respectively. In this study, the synergistic effect of MoS₂ and CoS₂ is conducive to electron transfer, making the MoS₂@CoS₂ heterojunction show excellent electrocatalytic performance. The synergistic effects arising from the heterojunction and sulfur vacancy not only contribute to the observed catalytic prowess but also provide a valuable model and reference for the exploration of other efficient electrocatalysts. This research marks a significant stride toward overcoming the challenges associated with developing electrocatalysts for practical hydrogen evolution applications.