Outer independent total double Italian domination number

Abstract

If $G$ is a graph with vertex set $V(G)$, then let $N[u]$ be the closed neighborhood of the vertex $u\in V(G)$. A total double Italian dominating function (TDIDF) on a graph $G$ is a function $f:V(G)\rightarrow\{0,1,2,3\}$ satisfying (i) $f(N[u])\ge 3$ for every vertex $u\in V(G)$ with $f(u)\in\{0,1\}$ and (ii) the subgraph induced by the vertices with a non-zero label has no isolated vertices. A TDIDF is an outer-independent total double Italian dominating function (OITDIDF) on $G$ if the set of vertices labeled $0$ induces an edgeless subgraph. The weight of an OITDIDF is the sum of its function values over all vertices, and the outer independent total double Italian domination number $\gamma_{tdI}^{oi}(G)$ is the minimum weight of an OITDIDF on $G$. In this paper, we establish various bounds on $\gamma_{tdI}^{oi}(G)$, and we determine this parameter for some special classes of graphs.