Multi-Mode Long-Wavelength GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors for Circular Polarization Detection

Abstract

We present an integrated device combining a double L-shaped chiral metasurface with long-wavelength GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), achieving a circular polarized extinction ratio (CPER) as high as 45 in the long-wavelength infrared range of 7–9 μm. The unit of the chiral metasurface array consists of two structurally identical L-shaped gold structures with central symmetry. The CPER of the double L-shaped QWIPs is 14 times higher than that of a single L-shaped QWIP. The device operates in three modes within the detection band: the microcavity mode, the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) mode, and the hybrid mode. The double L-shaped chiral structure selects and reflects a small portion of left-handed circularly polarized light (LCP), while the majority enters the device and excites SPP modes with the bottom gold grating layer, leading to an absorption enhancement. In contrast, right-handed circularly polarized light (RCP) is mostly reflected with limited excitation of SPP waves. QWIPs exhibit a peak absorption of 0.8 and a coupling efficiency of 2700% in the active region of the quantum well due to the combined effects of the microcavity and SPP modes, in which the SPP mode plays a dominant role. The proposed device maintains high circular polarization discrimination capability under large incident angles and can be applied in spectral imaging.