Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanoparticles of Zinc oxide are biocompatible, have low toxicity, are sustainable, and cost-effective, they have become popular metal oxide nanoparticles and have attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. It becomes apparent that they could be a viable option in the fields of mechanical, electrical, food packaging, and biological applications because of their special optical and chemical qualities. In the long term, biological approaches that use green or natural channels are simpler, less harmful, and more environmental friendly than chemical-based and physical techniques. Not only that, but ZnO NPs can significantly increase pharmacophore bioactivity while being far less toxic and biodegradable. They play a vital role in the apoptosis of cells because they promote the formation of oxygen species that are very reactive and release the ions of zinc, leading to cell death. These ZnO NPs also function effectively in combination with other components that support wound healing and biosensing, which monitors trace levels of biomarkers linked to a range of diseases. Overall, this study covers the production and latest advancements of zinc oxide nanoparticles from green sources such as fruits, vegetables, bacteria, fungi, algae, and proteins. It also sheds light on the potential uses of ZnO NPs in medicine. Lastly, potential uses of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles in research as well as biomedical applications are explored.