Plastic turned into MXene–based pyro-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator-driven self-powered wearable symmetric supercapacitor

Abstract

Today, the world is facing two major issues. First, there isa lack of available energy resources (conventional ones) to fulfill our energy requirements, and second, non-biodegradable plastic wastes spread over our planet, destroying its natural habitat. To provide a simplified solution to these problems, the authors of this work proposed a facile approach to convert plastic into titanium carbide–MXene (TiC–Ti3C2O2)–based pyro-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator driven wearable self-powered symmetric supercapacitor (SPSSC). NiSnO3–PVA–KOH and FeSnO3–PVA–KOH have been used as solid gel electrolytes, and their combined pyro-piezoelectric effect gives rise to the self-charging of the device. Moreover, the self-charging potential has been explored by incorporating normal forces, angular bending, heating, and increasing the device area. A maximum of 700 mV open-circuit voltage has been recorded. The specific capacitance of the SPSSC is 556 F g−1, an energy density of 111.11 W h kg−1 at a high-power density of 4 kW kg−1, and excellent cyclic stability of 93% after 10,000 repeated GCD cycles.