Hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical microstructure tungsten oxide/carbon nanocomposite for supercapacitor application

Abstract

Abstract A hierarchical nanocomposite of carbon microspheres decorated with tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) nanocrystals resulted from the hydrothermal treatment of a precursor solution containing glucose and tungstic acid. The dehydration of glucose molecules formed oligosaccharides, which consequently carbonized, turning into carbon microspheres. The carbon microspheres then acted as a spherical nucleus onto which WO 3 nanocrystals grew via heterogeneous nucleation. The reaction product showed a phase junction of orthorhombic and monoclinic WO 3, which transitioned to mix-phase of tetragonal and monoclinic WO 3 after a subsequent heat treatment at 600 °C in an inert condition. The electrochemical tests showed that incorporating WO 3 onto the carbon (WO 3 /C) resulted in a three-fold increase in the specific capacitance compared to WO 3 alone and a high coulombic and energy efficiencies of 98.2% and 92.8%, respectively. The nanocomposite exhibited supercapacitance with both Faradaic and non-Faradaic charge storage mechanisms. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a lower charge transfer resistance for the composite at R ct = 11.7Ω.