Internet of Vehicles Based On Cellular-Vehicle-To-Everything (C-V2X)

Abstract

In line with the development of automotive and traffic systems, high mobility and density in different road topologies cause scalability and delay issues due to frequent disconnection between communication nodes. From a safety aspect, Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) wireless technology was introduced by the Third Generation Partnership Project Organization (3GPP) to realise the transmission of emergency messages at critical times, anywhere. Specifically, Mode 4 C-V2X supports side-link communication without relying on a base station to provide network coverage. However, Mode 4 is susceptible to several limitations, which include half-duplex transmission, packet collision, and propagation errors that will cause intermittent connectivity issues. It is also difficult to determine appropriate parameter configurations that can increase the spectrum efficiency of dense networks to facilitate reliable and low-latency networks. The objective of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of a Mode 4 C-V2X system under different road topologies and traffic scenarios. The study adopts a Krauss vehicular mobility model based on SUMO software to model normal and dense networks in a highway and a road intersection scenario, then perform simulation using OMNET++ software to analyse the impact of different physical layer (PHY) configurations such as modulation and coding scheme, packet size, number of resource block allocation, as well as the probability of resource reservation. The results show that the optimal configuration of parameters depends on the scenario. For highway scenarios, a lower MCS and a higher number of RBs are recommended. For road intersection scenarios, a higher MCS and a lower number of RBs are recommended. The packet size should also be in accordance with the requirements of the application used. The findings of this study can be used to assist in the design of an optimal intelligent transportation system using adaptive C-V2X parameters that can be automatically adjusted under different scenarios and network conditions.