Cáncer colorrectal – diagnóstico y tratamiento: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide.Although improvements in detection and treatment have been implemented; CRC incidence, prevalence, and mortality remain high, even in developed countries.The risk of developing this cancer is related to poor eating habits, smoking, inflammatory bowel disease, polyps, genetic factors, and aging.There are several methods for detecting colorectal cancer, including the guaiac test, stool immunochemical test, stool DNA test, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema.The stage at which the cancer is detected determines the patient's prognosis, survival, and treatment.Treatments include endoscopic and surgical local excision, preoperative radiation therapy and systemic downstage therapy, extensive surgery for locoregional and metastatic disease, local ablative therapies for metastases, and palliative, targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy.