Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection

Abstract

This study presents highly miniaturized slotted microstrip patch antennas-sensor working at 5.8 GHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. Firstly, the performance of antenna is carried out with single-element, later 2-elements array antenna is employed for better performance in terms of gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The compactness in the antenna is achieved around 32% by etching two rectangular slots on the edges of rectangular patch. The size of the single-element antenna is $0.42\lambda_{g}\times 0.42\lambda_{g}\ \text{mm}^{2}$ while for $2 \times 1$ elements is $1.4\lambda_{g}\times 0.68\lambda_{g}\ \text{mm}^{2}$ at 5.8 GHz. To accomplish the conforming ability, the proposed antenna is designed on RT Duroid 5880 of thickness 0.508 mm. The results of this study demonstrate that the slotted rectangular patch antennas work excellently over the specified frequency range. The performance of proposed antenna is evaluated on breast tissues equivalent phantom in 3D electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio. The performance parameters have been evaluated in the presence and absence of tumor. The radiation efficiency of the proposed $2 \times 1$ antenna is 34% without tumor and 32.5% in presence of tumor, while peak gain of 6.9 dBi without tumor and 7 dBi with tumor. The antenna shows the SAR value of 1.1 W/kg for 10 gm mass of tissues with input power of 50 mW.