Grouping Level of Poverty Based on District/City in Indonesia Using K-Harmonic Means

Abstract

Indonesia still has a relatively high poverty rate, although nationally it has declined in recent years. There are areas that are still experiencing increasing poverty rates. So that the currently planned poverty alleviation plans are no longer uniform, but need to pay attention to the conditions of each dimension that cause poverty in an area, so it is necessary to group districts/cities in Indonesia on poverty. Grouping was performed using K-Harmonic Means analysis. K-Harmonic Means is a non-hierarchical clustering that takes the average of the harmonic distance between each data point and the cluster’s center. The data used in this research is secondary data sourced from BPS publications on poverty and inequality in 2022. The analysis technique is carried out by standardizing the data, conducting cluster analysis, and validating clusters. Based on the results of the K-Harmonic Means analysis, the optimal number of clusters is two clusters that first cluster has 54 districts/cities while second cluster has 460 districts/cities and the Dunn Index value for cluster validation is 0,03492. So that a better grouping level of poverty based on district/city in Indonesia is obtained by using the K-Harmonic Means method with p = 2,25.