Adsorption of Phenol Using Hydrochar Modified Layered Double Hydroxide – Kinetic, Isotherm, and Regeneration Studies

Abstract

In this work, hydrochar using to modified nickel aluminum layered double hydroxide (hydrochar@NiAl LDH). The collected data by XRD indicate that 2θ of material at 11.38°, 22.90°, 35.20°, and 61.60°. The FTIR spectrum of hydrochar@NiAl LDH at wavenumber 3448, 1650, 1500-1600, 1348, 1056, and 500-800 cm-1. NiAl LDH and hydrochar have surface areas of 3.288 m2/g and 7.366 m2/g, respectively. The precursors enhance the composite's surface area by 11.879 m2/g. NiAl LDH, hydrochar, and hydrochar@NiAl LDH have optimal pH values of 3, 6, and 6 respectively. The adsorption process is determined by the kinetic model of pseudo-second order and the model of Freundlich isotherm. NiAl LDH, hydrochar, and hydrochar@NiAl LDH had respective maximum adsorption capacities of 25.445, 21.008, and 25.773 mg/g. The increase in regeneration cycles decreases the percentage of adsorbed.