Seismic Facies Visualization Analysis Method of SOM Corrected by Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection

Abstract

As a common seismic facies visualization analysis method, SOM projects the waveform or seismic attribute vectors into a two-dimensional topological plane in a nonlinear way, which can effectively and efficiently discover the topological structure of a dataset. SOM does not need to set the number of classes in prior, and has friendly visualization characteristics and excellent generalization, which are conducive to seismic facies interpretation using unlabeled data. However, due to the competitive learning used in SOM and the imbalance of data distribution in real world, the samples from majority classes are expanded on the topological plane and the minority classes are compressed. As a result, the plane cannot accurately describe the global structure of data distribution. To improve the visualization precision by modifying the topological relationship of the prototype vectors of SOM, we utilize UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection), a novel manifold learning technique for dimension reduction, to correct the prototype vectors generated by SOM. By combing the advantages of SOM and UMAP in the representation of data topological structure, the global relationship between seismic data samples can be properly established, and the internal relative spatial structure of majority class samples can be retained as much as possible, resulting in a more reliable classification. Meanwhile, the framework maintains the advantages of SOM in visualization. In the modeling tests and real data experiments, we have demonstrated the effectiveness and rationality of UMAP-SOM on the spatial structure representation of three-dimensional seismic data .