Facile Synthesis of Amorphous NiO/Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Cocatalyst for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Photocatalytic H₂ Evolution

Abstract

It is still a challenge to develop efficient catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) via a low-cost and simple method. Herein, we report an amorphous NiO/reduced graphene oxide (A-NG) composite as a cocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution via dye sensitization. The A-NG composite is facilely fabricated by calcinating the NiCl2/GO precursor at a low temperature of 250 °C. The detailed characterizations show that amorphous NiO presents as tiny nanoparticles highly dispersed on graphene sheets, and nickel carbide is formed at the NiO/graphene interface, which demonstrates the strong interaction between Ni and the defective carbon of graphene. Compared with crystalline NiO/rGO (C-NG), the A-NG cocatalyst shows much enhanced dye-sensitized photocatalytic HER activity because the amorphous NiO nanoparticles can effectively adsorb the dye. As a result, highly dispersed amorphous NiO accelerates the photoinduced electron transfer from the excited dye to the cocatalyst, namely, the amorphous nickel carbide formed between NiO and rGO. This work provides a low-cost and simple method to develop efficient cocatalysts for photocatalytic H2 evolution.