Renewable Nanocomposites for Antibacterial Active Food Packaging

Abstract

Over the last decade, interest has resurged in biodegradable and renewable materials for packaging applications, emphasizing a sustainable option to protect food from the development and distribution of microorganisms and target a circular economy. In the meantime, petroleum-based plastic packaging causes deleterious effects on the environment, which will affect all living organisms' health. This is linked to the growing environmental concerns over the extensive use of synthetic and non-biodegradable polymeric packaging. By applying nanotechnology concepts such as bio-nano composites and nanoencapsulation systems, the synergism of bio-based antimicrobial packaging systems was further enhanced. Following the book topic, this chapter explores the literature and practices examples. In addition, it analyses the application of renewable nanocomposite materials in active food packaging. It presents an overview of several natural nanomaterials included in food packaging, such as polymers, polysaccharides, and protein-based nanomaterials, to make special biopolymer hosts for nanocomposites with no harmful effects. Different nanofillers as metal oxide-based nanoparticles, methods to incorporate them in the polymer matrix, and surface treatments will be briefly discussed. Additionally, toxicity aspects, consumer acceptability, recyclability, advantages, and current challenges will also be outlined. Finally, several examples highlighting the antibacterial properties of commonly used nanomaterials are summarized.