Sensitive Detection of Rosmarinic Acid Using Peptide-Modified Graphene Oxide Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode

Abstract

Peptides have been used as components in biological analysis and fabrication of novel sensors due to several reasons, including well-known synthesis protocols, diverse structures, and acting as highly selective substrates for enzymes. Bio-conjugation strategies can provide a simple and efficient way to convert peptide-analyte interaction information into a measurable signal, which can be further used for the manufacture of new peptide-based biosensors. This paper describes the sensitive properties of a peptide-modified graphene oxide screen-printed carbon electrode for accurate and sensitive detection of a natural polyphenol antioxidant compound, namely rosmarinic acid. Glutaraldehyde was chosen as the cross-linking agent because it is able to bind nonspecifically to the peptide. We demonstrated that the strong interaction between the immobilized peptide on the surface of the sensor and rosmarinic acid favors the addition of rosmarinic acid on the surface of the electrode, leading to an efficient preconcentration that determines a high sensitivity of the sensor for the detection of rosmarinic acid. The experimental conditions were optimized using different pH values and different amounts of peptide to modify the sensor surface, so that its analytical performances were optimal for rosmarinic acid detection. By using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as a detection method, a very low detection limit (0.0966 μM) and a vast linearity domain, ranging from 0.1 µM to 3.20 µM, were obtained. The novelty of this work is the development of a novel peptide-based sensor with improved performance characteristics for the quantification of rosmarinic acid in cosmetic products of complex composition. The FTIR method was used to validate the voltammetric method results.