Electrical properties of Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Zr_0.1Ti_0.9O₃ ceramics with TiO₂ addition

Abstract

The crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric properties and energy storage properties of Ba 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 O 3 (BCZT) ceramics with various TiO 2 (0%, 1%, 8%, 40%, 50%, 60%) addition ceramics were discussed. Although the perovskite structure remained in samples with low content of TiO 2 , the secondary phase Ba 2 Ti 5.5 O 13 appeared in samples with high TiO 2 content. According to SEM results, the addition of TiO 2 resulted in a significant decrease in the average grain size. With the addition of TiO 2 , the phase transition temperature, corresponding to Curie temperature ( T c ) of BCZT ceramics shifts to lower temperature. Compared with the pure BCZT ceramic, the higher impedance and slimmer hysteresis loops were realized in ceramics with high TiO 2 content. The relatively large energy storage density ( W rec ∼ 0.52 J/cm 3 ) together with energy storage efficiency ( η ∼ 74.84%) were achieved in ceramic with 40% TiO 2 content. When the concentration of TiO 2 further increases, the energy storage efficiency increased, but the energy storage density declined. The present research provides a method to improve the energy storage performance of BCZT ceramics.