Hierarchically Porous Mesostructured Polydopamine Nanospheres and Derived Carbon for Supercapacitors

Abstract

Polydopamine (PDA), with similar chemical and physical properties to eumelanin, is a typical artificial melanin material. With various functional groups, good biocompatibility, and photothermal conversion ability, PDA attracts great interest and is extensively studied. Endowing PDA with a porous structure would increase its specific surface area, therefore would significantly improve its performance in different application fields. However, creating abundant pores within the PDA matrix is a great challenge. Herein, a self-assembly/etching method is proposed to prepare hierarchically porous mesostructured PDA nanospheres. The oxidative polymerization of dopamine and hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate were coupled to co-assemble with a polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex template to form a mesostructured PDA/silicate nanocomposite. After removing templates and etching of silica, hierarchically porous PDA nanospheres were obtained with specific surface area and pore volume as high as 302 m² g^-1 and 0.67 cm³ g^-1, respectively. Moreover, via subsequent carbonization and silica-etching, ordered mesoporous N-doped carbon microspheres (OMCMs) with ∼2 nm ordered mesopores and ∼20 nm secondary nanopores could be obtained. When used as electrodes of supercapacitors, the OMCMs exhibited a specific capacity of 341 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 with excellent rate capability, and the OMCM-based symmetric supercapacitor delivered a high energy density of 14.1 W h kg^-1 at a power density of 250 W kg^-1 and minor capacitance fading (only 2.6%) after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g^-1.