Attitudes of rural youth towards self-employmenIn Fayoum governorate

Abstract

Study aims to defime the attitudes of rural youth towards self-employment Throegh determin reasons of attitudes of rural youth towards self-employment, describing these attitudes, determining the relationship between some personal, social -economic characteristics of the respondents and their attitudes towards self-employment. In addition to identifying the reasons for the reluctance of youth to self-employment, and to identify the problems that prevent them from self-employment and their suggestions to solve these problems. Study sample consists of a number of rural youth in villages of Kafr Mahfouz, Mazatli, and El Gomhouria in Tamiya District, fayoum governorate whose number, according to the data received from the Center for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CPMS) in the Fayoum Governorate, which reached to 12.466. The selected random sample of 375 rural young people is distributed over the stuied villages Data was collected using the personal interview questionnaire. T-scores percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and frequency distribution tables the stability coefficient (Alpha) factor analysis simple Pearson correlation coefficient and Stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to amalyze dataThe most important results of the attitudes of young people towards self-employment The degrees of the surveyed young people's tendency towards self-employment ranged between a minimum of 18 degrees and a maximum of 36 degrees, with a mean of 30.9 degrees, and a standard deviation of 3.1 degrees. The results of the factor analysis of the sample of the surveyed young people indicate that the attitudes of young people towards self-employment consist of three factors the latent root for each of them exceeds the correct one. These factors explain about 30.8%, 25.6%, and 12.3% of the variance in the items of the scale, respectively. By examining the diffusive scree plot, it was found that there is a clear refraction after the third component. By using Cattell's diffusion test (Cattell, 1966), the presence of the three components was confirmed in a usable form for scientific research purposes. There is a positive significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level between the degree of the surveyed young people's tendency towards self-employment, and the following variables: the aspirational level, the degree of interest in community problems and issues, and the leadership level, where the values of the simple correlation coefficients for these variables were 0.680, 0.184, and 0,193 respectively. There is also a positive significant correlation, but at the probability level of 0.05 between the degree of tendency of the surveyed young people towards self-employment, and the variable of cultural openness, where the value of the correlation coefficient of the relationship between the two variables is 0.130. There is a negative significant correlation at the 0.01 probability level between the degree of trend of the surveyed young people towards self-employment, and the two variables: age and standard of living, where the values of the simple correlation coefficient for these two variables are-0.135 and -0.340 respectively. There were no significant correlation at the probability level of 0.05 between the degree of the surveyed young people's tendency towards self-employment, and the two variables: the number of years of formal education, and the size of the family.