Advances in Environmental Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Abstract

This chapter aims to emphasize design and development of efficient, cost-effective, and stable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) relevant to environmental applications. It summarizes aspects of MOFs related to green energy materials, energy-storage devices and their fabrication, hybrid polymeric composites, and detection of pollutants in water. This chapter describes MOF characteristic in (1) transport pathways and channels for charge-carriers, (2) the role of dimensionality through the metal–sulfur bond for lithium-sulfur batteries and supercapacitors, (3) new trends in anhydrous electrolytes and electrochemical sensing of metals in contaminated water, (4) selectivity, uptake, and adsorption of metal ions and oxoanions in MOFs, and (5) new developments in the methodology of hybrid MOF–polymer mixed membrane matrix and protective materials. This chapter also provides a brief description of the advancement in molecular analysis of MOFs using electronic structure methods, molecular simulations, and the approach of machine learning to meet future challenges and optimization of interactions as per the target applications. Future perspectives and challenges to exploring smart and cost-effective MOF-based materials concludes the chapter.