Biomarcadores de actividad física y el deporte

Abstract

Biomarkers measure the body's adaptation to physical training through variations in blood concentrations. These modifications can be benign and reversible or negative, hence the importance of studying their implications. Lactate is an indicator of exercise intensity through the variation of its blood concentration, which increases in more intense exercise. In low intensity exercise, lactate and glucose concentrations gradually decrease, because they use fatty acids as the predominant energy source before glycolysis. High lactate concentrations favor the colonization of Veillonella at intestinal level, improving running time by the metabolic conversion of lactate to propionate and its disposition as an energy source directly, without the effect of first hepatic passage. Troponin is specific for diagnosing cardiac injury. It increases asymptomatically after intense training, proportional to the time and intensity of training. The post-exercise increase is greater in less trained athletes, in athletes adapted to high-intensity intermittent exercise, it rises significantly after intermittent exercise and not after continued exercise, evidencing the a Biomarkers measure the body's adaptation to physical training through variations in blood concentrations. These modifications can be benign and reversible or negative, hence the importance of studying their implications. Lactate is an indicator of exercise intensity through the variation of its blood concentration, which increases in more intense exercise. In low intensity exercise, lactate and glucose concentrations gradually decrease, because they use fatty acids as the predominant energy source before glycolysis. High lactate concentrations favor the colonization of Veillonella at intestinal level, improving running time by the metabolic conversion of lactate to propionate and its disposition as an energy source directly, without the effect of first hepatic passage. Troponin is specific for diagnosing cardiac injury. It increases asymptomatically after intense training, proportional to the time and intensity of training. The post-exercise increase is greater in less trained athletes, in athletes adapted to high-intensity intermittent exercise, it rises significantly after intermittent exercise and not after continued exercise, evidencing the adaptation of the organism to a specific type of exercise. There are typical post-exercise biochemical alterations, characterized by an increase in total creatine kinase and its fractions. It occurs after strenuous exercise that can cause muscle overload, muscle fiber rupture and inflammation, releasing these biochemical markers into the bloodstream. Different high-intensity and high-performance sports disciplines produce increased lactate dehydrogenase indicating risk of injury due to deterioration of muscle fibers.daptation of the organism to a specific type of exercise. There are typical post-exercise biochemical alterations, characterized by an increase in total creatine kinase and its fractions. It occurs after strenuous exercise that can cause muscle overload, muscle fiber rupture and inflammation, releasing these biochemical markers into the bloodstream. Different high-intensity and high-performance sports disciplines produce increased lactate dehydrogenase indicating risk of injury due to deterioration of muscle fibers. Received for review: August 2021Accepted for publication: October 2021Correspondence: 8 de octubre 3020. C.P.11600. Montevideo, Uruguay. Tel: (+598) 24876666 ext. 1663. Contact e-mail: [email protected]