Active Biodegradable Composites for Packaging Applications

Abstract

In the present era, a reliable, sustainable, and cost-effective outlook is imperative to produce eco-friendly, technically smart, and safe "active biodegradable composite packaging materials" that assure safe handling and distribution of processed food products from farm to fork. Therefore, biopolymers (such as polycaprolactone, polylactide, carbohydrates, and proteins) and bioactive compounds (viz. natural extracts and polyphenol components) are used as precursors in the formulation and development of active biodegradable food packaging material to improve the nutritional value and extend the shelf life of perishable food items. Alongside, antimicrobial, light-blocking, oxygen barrier, and antioxidant properties are also imparted. Integration of biosensors in bio-based smart packaging would assist in tracking the quality and safety of food, which consequently ensures health safety; minimizes the risk of foodborne pathogenic diseases; monitors freshness, any leakage, pH, and temperature; and reduces production losses. Henceforth, pervasive applications of biopolymers with "smart" or "intelligent" technology would facilitate waste reduction and monitor assurance of food product quality along with environmental sustainability. Subsequently, due to their biodegradable nature, they can enter the spontaneous rhythm of "birth from nature to end in nature". Hence, this chapter reviews the active biodegradable composites fabricated by incorporating various bio-based additives.