Enzyme Based Amperometric Biosensors for Food Analysis

Abstract

This review introduces the principles of amperometric detection e.g. oxygen electrodes, hydrogen peroxide electrodes, NADH detection, mediators-aid detection, conductive organic salts and wiring electrodes. A short categorization and description of the materials commonly used for the construction of electrodes, e.g., platinum, glassy carbon, different types of graphite, screen-printed electrodes, rigid carbon-polymer biocomposites, zeolites, clays, and polymeric membranes is given. Approaches to construction of biosensors with respect to various strategies of enzyme immobilization, e.g., physical binding, covalent binding, gel entrapment, electropolymerization, sol-gel techniques and self-assembled architectures are also presented. The requirements and problems for sensing in food industry, examples of enzyme electrodes, published in the literature during the last half-decade, commercial biosensors released into the market along with the current and modern instrumentation, are also presented.