This paper describes a link driven, multiple d.o.f., bending forceps designed as part of a minimally invasive surgical system for the internal organs. The system includes a method for providing an augmented display of the force applied on the forceps to the operator.
Ryan E. SchoonmakerCaroline G. L. Cao
Phongsaen PitakwatcharaShin’ichi WarisawaMamoru Mitsuishi