Bacillus Thuringiensis Insecticidal Crystal Proteins: Gene Structure, Action, and Utilization

Abstract

The Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that produces toxic protein crystals during sporulation. The pathogenicity of the numerous B. thuringiensis varieties for insects is caused by insecticidal crystals produced during spore formation. The proteinaceous crystals are aggregates of subunits called insecticidal crystal proteins. Several reviews have focused on B. thuringiensis biology, insecticidal genes, and commercialization as a biopesticide. H. Hofte and H. R. Whiteley focused on insecticidal gene structure, diversity, and regulation. This chapter considers cry gene structure and cry protein mode of action as a framework for presenting examples of research targeted at making B. thuringiensis a better biological insecticide. Researchers utilize this bacterium's ability to form spores and their incumbent heat resistance. Insect-resistant plants, recombinant microorganisms with crystal protein genes, and improved potency of crystal protein will contribute to the increased presence of B. thuringiensis Cry proteins in the environment.