Spatial Pooling Graph Convolutional Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Abstract

Graph convolution networks (GCNs) have been applied in a variety of fields due to their powerful ability in processing graph-like data. However, the massive number of hyperspectral pixels makes it challenging to define general graph structures on hyperspectral images (HSIs). On the other hand, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) take in regular image regions with fixed square size, and have demonstrated impressive accuracy while being efficient in computation. Inspired by the classification framework of CNNs, we develop a GCN-based model that generates effective local spectral–spatial features for HSI classification. Specifically, graph convolutions are performed separately on every local region, which significantly limits the graph’s size. While graph convolution extracts features of every pixel, it does not reduce the number of them. To fuse suitable representations for the classification task, we develop a graph pooling operation to preserve classification-specific features and reduce redundant pixels. Based on local regions of HSIs, pooling in the graph domain is equivalent to spatial pooling in the spatial domain. The proposed method is thus named the spatial pooling graph convolutional network (SPGCN). Experimental results on several typical datasets demonstrated that the proposed SPGCN provides competitive results compared with other state-of-the-art CNN-based methods.