Core–shell Pd–P@Pt–Ni nanoparticles with enhanced activity and durability as anode electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction

Abstract

The Pd–P@Pt–Ni core–shell nanoparticles consist of an amorphous core and a low-crystalline shell. They exhibit the excellent catalytic properties in MOR owing to the double synergistic effects from the core and the nickel species in the shell.