Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Microextraction

Abstract

The high complexity of biological matrices as well as low concentrations of target analytes makes the sample pre-treatment step a crucial part of any biological sample analysis. Through the development of green chemistry in the last years, various extraction techniques based on green solvents have emerged as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional extraction methods, which are mainly based on hazardous organic solvents. In this regard, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an important class of green solvents have been widely employed in extraction and microextraction techniques as an alternative to ionic liquids (ILs) and organic solvents. This chapter highlights the properties, preparation, and synthesis procedures of DESs. Moreover, the applications of DESs in the microextraction of drugs and poisons from biological matrices are reviewed.