日本における人形の近代的役割 : 1920-40年代の国際交流と外交を中心に

Abstract

In the 1920s, when there were many factors that increased tensions between Japan and the United States, as a way to ease the tension, Sidney L. Gulick, an American missionary located in Japan from 1888 to 1913, initiated an exchange of dolls between children of the two countries. In 1927, American blue-eyed dolls were sent to Japan from American children and were well-received among ordinary Japanese people. As a response, Eiichi Shibusawa dispatched 58 friendship dolls from Japan to be placed at American museums the same year. In the previous studies, the Japan-U.S. Friendship Doll Campaign of 1927 was considered the starting point of the international doll exchanges. However, international doll exchanges in Japan took place even before 1927. This article aims to clarify the starting point and development of international doll exchanges in Japan and the progress in doll diplomacy during Taisho and early Showa periods. To achieve this goal, this article divides the history of international doll exchanges into four periods. The first period is until 1920, the second one is from 1920 to 1926, the third is the year of the Dolls Campaign in 1927, and the fourth is from 1928 to 1932. The period that followed, starting from "Japan -Manchuria Dolls of Goodwill Mission" in 1933, marked the turning point from doll exchanges to doll diplomacy in Japan. This paper considers the phase from 1933 as a period when doll diplomacy took shape in Japan, and provides an overview of the subsequent changes in the character of doll diplomacy up until World War IL In addition, at the end of World War II, attention is paid to the differences between pre-war and post-war periods, even though only a few examples of post-war doll missions can be traced.