Recent advances in 3D porous MXenes: structures, properties and applications

Abstract

Abstract 3D porous MXenes have recently attracted great attention as they possess appealing electrical and mechanical properties, which enable their excellent performance in expanding application scopes like electromagnetic interference shielding, energy conversion and storage, and smart sensing. New methods have been developed for their synthesis and 3D porous structure design, as well as the tuning of properties for practical applications. Nevertheless, the fundamental understanding of their structure–property relationships remains obscure, hindering the further exploitation of their untapped potential in myriad applications. In this review, recent studies of porous MXenes are discussed regarding their synthesis, structure, properties, and applications. We also elaborate on the possible correlation between structure and properties through a comprehensive comparison of typical porous MXene examples. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for advancing the study and applications of porous MXenes are presented.