Fabrication of a novel polyaniline/green‐synthesized, silver‐nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical sensing of lead ions

Abstract

Abstract Green bioreduction silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated from dry Artemisia leaf extracts and used as a modified layer of an AgNP–polyaniline (PANI)–carbon paste electrode (CPE). PANI was synthesized using interfacial polymerization, and the fabricated PANI was mixed with a CPE. PANI was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and polydispersity index (PDI) measurements. The fabricated electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of Pb 2+ ions in acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5 using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode provided a linear response to Pb 2+ ions in the concentration range of 0.1–120 μM with a detection limit of 0.04 μM. The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability in addition to providing good recovery percentages in waste and tap water samples.