Time-Delay Synchronization and Anti-Synchronization of Variable-Order Fractional Discrete-Time Chen–Rossler Chaotic Systems Using Variable-Order Fractional Discrete-Time PID Control

Abstract

In this research paper, we solve the problem of synchronization and anti-synchronization of chaotic systems described by discrete and time-delayed variable fractional-order differential equations. To guarantee the synchronization and anti-synchronization, we use the well-known PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control theory and the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theory for discrete systems of a variable fractional order. We illustrate the results obtained through simulation with examples, in which it can be seen that our results are satisfactory, thus achieving synchronization and anti-synchronization of chaotic systems of a variable fractional order with discrete time delay.