Output sign‐consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems over fixed and switching signed graphs: An observer‐based approach

Abstract

Abstract This article studies output sign‐consensus of heterogeneous multiagent systems, that is, outputs of all agents will eventually have the same sign. Both fixed and switching signed graphs are treated. To remove the restriction that every follower node needs to know the dynamics of the leader node, a distributed observer is maintained by each follower node, such that the state and dynamics of the leader node is estimated. Moreover, the communication graph is allowed to be structurally unbalanced and time‐varying. Then distributed state feedback control law and measurement output feedback control law are designed and analyzed. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.