JOURNAL ARTICLE

Peran Dokter Gigi dalam Tumbuh Kembang Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Indah Titien

Year: 2012 Journal:   Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia Vol: 19 (2)Pages: 176-176   Publisher: Gadjah Mada University

Abstract

Latar belakang. Keberadaan Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK) semakin lama semakin meningkat. Menurut DepKes RI 2010 8,3 juta. Ditinjau dari sudut pandang kebutuhan akan pelayanan kesehatan, khususnya kesehatan gigi dan mulut, maka kelompok ABK ini lebih membutuhkan dibanding dengan anak-anak pada umumnya. Anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus, karena berbagai keterbatasan yang ada pada mereka, kurang mampu untuk membersihkan sendiri rongga mulutnya, sehingga hal ini meningkatkan faktor risiko kerusakan gigi-gigi dan jaringan lunak sekitarnya. Tujuan Penulisan. Untuk mengkaji peran dokter gigi pada tumbuh kembang anak berkebutuhan khusus. Tinjauan Pustaka. Nutrisi termasuk faktor lingkungan yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Proses tumbuh kembang anak memerlukan pemenuhan kebutuhan makanan yang baik dan adekuta. Kesehatan gigi dan mulut penting dalam upaya mendapatkan asupan makanan yang cukup mengingat bahwa dalam rongga mulut terdapat alat-alat perncernakan. Alat berkebutuhan khusus, terutama yang mengalami gangguan syaraf motorik mempunyai risiko maltunitrisi. Abnormalitas neurologis menyebabkan perubahan aktivitas fisik, pola motorik halus, dan pola oromotor, seringkali mempengaruhi asupan makanan yang diperlukan. Konsisi ini akan diperparah dengan kesehatan rongga mulut yang buruk sehingga kehilangan sebagian gigi desidui maupun gigi permanen sering dialami anak-anak ini, disisi lain penggunaan protesa pada anak-anak ini banyak yang merupakan kontra indikasi. Upaya pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut bagi anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus merupakan tanggung jawab dokter gigi. Kesimpulan. Anak berkebutuhan khusus lebih membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut dibanding anak-anak lainnya. Peran serta dokter gigi dalam upaya pelayanan gigi dan mulut bagi mereka sangat diperlukan. Peningkatan pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut lebih diharpakan oleh kelompok anak-anak tersebut, terutama upaya pencegahan penyakit gigi dan mulut. Background. The existence of Children with Special Needs progressively increased. Although the phenomenon of their existance seems like an iceberg. In everyday life we often encounter these kids around us although the numbers according to the Central Bureau of Statistics is increasingly rising. Seen from the point of view of the need for health services, especially dental and oral health, then the group of children with special needs is move need than children in general. Children with special needs, because of the limitations that exist on their own are less able to clear the oral cavity, so this factor increases the risk of damage teeth and surrounding soft tissue. Purpose. To examine the role of the dentist in the growth and development of children with special needs. Literature Review. Nutrition including environmental factors that affect the growth and development of children. The process of child development requires meeting the needs good nutrition and adequate. Oral health is important in order to get the nutrition that adequately considering the oral cavity, including digestion. Children with Special Needs, especially with impaired motor neurons are at risk of malnutrition. Neurologic abnormalities cause changes in physical activity, fine motor pattern, and the pattern of oromotor, often affecting food intake is necessary. This condition will be exacerbated by poor oral health that lost some teeth decidouos and permanent teeth are often experienced by these children, on the other hand the use of prostheses in children some time are contra indicated. Efforts to prevent oral disease for children with special needs are the responsibility of the dentist. Conclusion. Children with special needs are more need of oral helath care than other children. The role of the dentist in order to care for their teeth and mouth are very necessary especially the preventation of oral diseases. Improved oral helath services more expected by the group of children.

Keywords:
Humanities Art

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Citation History

Topics

Child Development and Education
Social Sciences →  Social Sciences →  Education
Public Health and Nutrition
Health Sciences →  Medicine →  Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Language Acquisition and Education
Social Sciences →  Psychology →  Developmental and Educational Psychology

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