The use of semantic web technologies within scientific research has slowly gained momentum over the last twenty years. Researchers have realised that these technologies are key to dealing with large volumes of data, and that they enable better organisation of scientific documents and practices. However, we still have a long way to go before these technologies realise their true potential, and this is as much a human endeavour as a technological one. This talk will discuss the affordances of the semantic web, demonstrating where it can be used across the entire scientific research process; but it will also note some lessons learned throughout the last twenty years, and provide some recommendations for going forward in the future.