Poly(glutamic acid) Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Bisphenol A

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), which is an endocrine-disrupting substance, is often utilized as beverage and food packing material, and it may accumulate in nutrition and water sources, which is why it is important to monitor. In this study, for the determination of bisphenol A, electro-polymerization of glutamic acid (GA) was performed on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The performance of the sensor (PGA/PGE) for determining bisphenol A was examined utilizing the cyclic voltammetric (CV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) methods. Electrochemical characterization process of the PGA/PGE was carried out by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and CV methods. The morphological property of the PGA/PGE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of functional groups in the PGA/PGE composition was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical behavior of BPA was observed with the bare PGE and the PGA/PGE. Based on the findings, the response of BPA was considerably raised with PGA/PGE. With the optimized parameters and based on the findings from DPV, the BPA oxidation current was linear in a concentration interval of 1.0 to 100 μM (R=0.9992), and the detection limit was found to be 0.37 μM. Detection of BPA in the plastic bottled drinking water sample using PGA/PGE was performed successfully, and the recoveries were in the range of 89.3 to 104.7%. This strategy can provide several prospects in electrochemically determining BPA in practical applications.