空の言説 : 『中論』におけるナーガールジュナの論法について

Abstract

The inflammatory response of fish to LPS is subdued, attributed to absence of TLR4, a key pro-inflammatory receptor for LPS in mammals. Nevertheless, LPS is processed in fish in a T-independent manner and is a protective antigen in fish vaccines, yet pathways for processing LPS in fish remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that caspases and NOD-like receptor inflammasomes typically responsible for LPS recognition and processing in mammals lack critical domains or are absent in barramundi (Lates calcarifer). On the other hand, leucocyte integrins MAC-1 and LFA-1 were detected on the surface of neutrophil- and lymphocyte-like cells respectively in the barramundi spleen by immunocytochemistry, and leucocytes displaying MAC-1 or LFA-1 bound to Factor X and ESM-1 respectively. Exposure to MAC-1 and LFA-1 induced significant IL-1β expression post-stimulation with LPS compared to unstimulated and isotype controls, but the differences observed in TNF-α expression were inconclusive. Our findings implicate MAC-1 and LFA-1 involvement in immune processing of LPS in barramundi and in antigen processing in fish.