Vehicle-to-Grid Charging Optimization of Electric Vehicle

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EV) become more popular and are expected to increase considerably over the next decades. EV charging loads are flexible and can be controllable compared to the offices and factory loads. Therefore, utilities will manage the controllable EV loads to smooth and reduce total peak loads using the time of use (TOU) price plan. A charging scheduling algorithm is necessary to find the best charging strategy with the TOU price. We propose an optimal charging scheduling under the assumption of a day-ahead future electricity price market. The dynamic programming methodology is used to find an optimal charging schedule to minimize the total charging electricity price, considering system efficiency and TOU price. The proposed scheduling algorithm is implemented on an electronic control unit and verified by computational efforts and simulation results.