Bioinspired Free-Standing One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Janus Wettability for Water Quality Monitoring

Abstract

Materials with specific wettability properties have aroused enormous interest and research for their broad application prospects in chemical reaction, medical diagnosis, biological analysis, etc. Here, inspired by the unique Janus wettability of lotus leaf and Bragg stacks of beetles, we present a free-standing film with Janus wettability and tunable structural color for water quality monitoring. This film is constructed by using a flexible polymer polyurethane (PU) to pack poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-bis-acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(NiPAAm-bis-AA))/TiO₂ one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) into a free-standing state with Janus wettability and tunable structural color. The outer top surface of the film could achieve vivid structural color and a superhydrophobic ability; meanwhile, the outer lower surface could achieve a superhydrophilic ability. Owing to the outstanding pH-sensitive property of the P(NiPAAm-bis-AA), the Janus films could switch its structural color under different pH conditions. This imparts the free-standing film with stability and an antirotation property on the air-water interface. Based on this phenomenon, we have demonstrated a Janus wettability film, together with tunable structural color for water quality monitoring, which gives the bioinspired materials high potential applications in environmental protection.