Electrochemical immunosensor based on carboxylated single‐walled carbon nanotube‐chitosan functional layer for the detection of cephalexin

Abstract

Abstract In this study, a sensitive and selective electrochemical immunosensor for cephalexin (CEX) determination on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified by a carboxylated single‐walled carbon nanotubes/chitosan (SWNTs‐COOH/CS) composite. The SWNTs‐COOH/CS composite was used to enhance sensor performance and to enlarge the electrochemical response of CEX. The cephalosporin‐ovalbumin coupling (CEX‐OVA) was synthesized using the reactive ester method. The free CEX in solution could be effectively measured based on the competitive immunoreaction between CEX‐antibody and CEX. Under optimal conditions, the electrochemical immunosensor offered an excellent response for CEX. The linear range was 1–800 ng/ml, with a detection limit of 45.7 ng/ml ( S/N = 3). This method was applied to determine CEX in six different samples and obtained the recovery range from 80.15% to 94.04%. These results indicated that the fabricated electrochemical immunosensor and sensing method are suitable for quantification of CEX in real samples. These have great potential for wider applications in environmental and agri‐food products industries.