Toxic Metal Ions Removal from Electroplating Wastewater Using Polymer Chelating Ligands

Abstract

Background: Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is a type of biomass waste product formed during the production process of palm oil. In the present work, EFB was used to prepare a cellulose-graftcopolymer which can be converted into poly(amidoxime)-poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands suitable for the removal of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater. Methods and Results: Poly(amidoxime)-poly(hydroxamic acid) ligands were synthesized from the poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) grafted palm cellulose and were analyzed via FT-IR and FESEM. The binding capacity (q e ) with the metals ions such as copper (Cu 2+ ), iron (Fe 3+ ), cobalt (Co 2+ ), nickel (Ni 2+ ) and lead (Pb 2+ ) were 341, 290, 284, 204 and 482 mg g -1 , respectively at pH 6. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model is fitted with the results confirming heavy metal adsorption. The isotherm study was conducted using a linear plot of the Langmuir isotherm where results were significantly different from the experimental value (maximum adsorption, q e ), indicating that adsorption does not occur on a single layer. However, the coefficient of the correlation values obtained using the Freundlich isotherm model was acceptable (R 2 >0.99), and it was concluded that adsorption was multilayered with some metal ions. Conclusion: The polymeric ligands synthesized here showed excellent adsorption of heavy metals from electroplating wastewater containing a notable amount of copper and iron metal ions.