JOURNAL ARTICLE

LIBERTAD Y OBJECIÓN DE CONSCIENCIA: FUNDAMENTOS HISTÓRICO-DOGMÁTICOS Y FUNCIONALIDADES CONSTITUCIONALES

Felipe Augusto Lopes Carvalho

Year: 2019 Journal:   Revista latinoamericana de derecho y religión Vol: 5 (2)Pages: 1-43

Abstract

Resumo Como resultado de uma crescente atividade regulatoria estatal em temas moralmente sensiveis, conflitos de consciencia tem surgido com maior frequencia nos ultimos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho e apresentar um contributo teorico, fundado na historia do Direito e dogmatica constitucional, que venha a informar e lancar luz aos orgaos decisorios, e interpretes do Direito, sempre que instados a resolverem lides que envolvam reivindicacoes de consciencia. Com base na necessidade de ponderacao de direitos, pretende-se tratar do conteudo, da importância e das razoes historicas por detras dos direitos a liberdade e objecao de consciencia. Inicialmente, apresentar-se-a um breve historico da afirmacao da liberdade de consciencia enquanto direito humano, necessario para compreender as razoes que levaram ao reconhecimento internacional desta garantia inviolavel do individuo, alem de destacar o contexto historico da afirmacao da objecao de consciencia, corolario e manifestacao dessa liberdade. Em seguida, far-se-a uma sucinta construcao conceitual e apresentacao das principais caracteristicas da objecao de consciencia. Por fim, o trabalho volta-se a analise das funcoes constitucionais da liberdade e objecao de consciencia, isto e, saber quais as virtualidades juridicas que assume, na generalidade das sociedades ocidentais, uma robusta e eficaz protecao desses direitos. Palavras-chave: liberdade de consciencia, objecao consciente, direitos fundamentais. Abstract Because of increasing state regulatory activity on morally sensitive issues, conflicts of conscience have arisen more frequently in recent years. The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical contribution, based on the history of law and constitutional scholarship, that might inform and shed light on decision-making bodies, and interpreters of law, whenever urged to resolve disputes involving conscientious claims. Based on the need of balancing rights, we intend to address the content, importance and historical reasons behind the rights to freedom of conscience and conscientious objection. Initially, we present a brief history of the affirmation of freedom of conscience as a human right, necessary to understand the reasons that led to the international recognition of this inviolable guarantee, besides highlighting the historical context of the affirmation of conscientious objection, manifestation of that freedom. Then, a brief conceptual construction and presentation of the main features of the conscientious objection will be explored. Finally, the paper turns to the analysis of the constitutional functions of freedom of conscience and conscientious objection, that is, to know which legal virtualities arise from a robust and effective protection of these rights. Keywords: freedom of conscience, conscientious objection, fundamental rights DOI: 10.7764/RLDR.9.102

Keywords:
Humanities Philosophy Conscience Political science Epistemology

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Topics

American Constitutional Law and Politics
Social Sciences →  Social Sciences →  Political Science and International Relations
Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies
Social Sciences →  Social Sciences →  Political Science and International Relations
Judicial and Constitutional Studies
Social Sciences →  Social Sciences →  Law
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