Trimetallic FeCoNi@C Nanocomposite Hollow Spheres Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks with Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Ability

Abstract

Organic ligands and metal ions in the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, a type of porous magnetic metal/carbon nanocomposites obtained through high-temperature carbonization) have caused widespread concerns in the field of microwave absorption because of the existence of various microwave loss mechanisms in these materials. However, MOF-driven microwave absorbing materials with high absorption intensity and wide absorption band still require further research and development. In this work, hollow sphere trimetallic FeCoNi@C microwave absorbing materials via high-temperature carbonization were obtained using FeCoNi-based MOF-74 (FeCoNi-MOF) as the precursor. The effects of different carbonization conditions on the microwave absorption properties of the materials were studied. FeCoNi-MOF-74 annealed at 700 °C showed superior microwave absorption capacity, where the RL value reached -64.75 dB at 15.44 GHz corresponding to the actual application thickness of the absorber (only 2.1 mm), and the minimum RL values reached -69.03 dB at 5.52 GHz. Furthermore, the as-prepared sample can fully cover the Ku band and X band at only 2.1 and 3.1 mm, respectively. The maximum EAB reached 8.08 GHz (9.92-18 GHz) when the thickness of the absorber was 2.47 mm. Such remarkable absorption performance is attributed to the synergetic effects between the multiple loss mechanisms of the FeCoNi@C, and the improved impedance matching characteristic came from the hollow sphere morphology.