Stackelberg Game-Based Energy Efficient Power Allocation for Heterogeneous NOMA Networks

Abstract

Recently, it was shown that non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) became a hot topic due to its capacity for ameliorating spectral efficiency. In this paper, power allocation in heterogeneous NOMA networks with multiple users are formulated as a Stackelberg game. The competition between the leaders and followers is considered as the energy efficiency (EE) maximization between the small base stations (SBSs) and macro base stations (MBSs). We propose an algorithm to obtain optimal power allocation in MBSs layer and SBSs layer, respectively. Then, Stackelberg iteration is used among MBSs and SBSs to reach the equilibrium point during the game. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed algorithms.