Context-Patch Face Hallucination Based on Thresholding Locality-Constrained Representation and Reproducing Learning

Abstract

Face hallucination is a technique that reconstructs high-resolution (HR) faces from low-resolution (LR) faces, by using the prior knowledge learned from HR/LR face pairs. Most state-of-the-arts leverage position-patch prior knowledge of the human face to estimate the optimal representation coefficients for each image patch. However, they focus only the position information and usually ignore the context information of the image patch. In addition, when they are confronted with misalignment or the small sample size (SSS) problem, the hallucination performance is very poor. To this end, this paper incorporates the contextual information of the image patch and proposes a powerful and efficient context-patch-based face hallucination approach, namely, thresholding locality-constrained representation and reproducing learning (TLcR-RL). Under the context-patch-based framework, we advance a thresholding-based representation method to enhance the reconstruction accuracy and reduce the computational complexity. To further improve the performance of the proposed algorithm, we propose a promotion strategy called reproducing learning. By adding the estimated HR face to the training set, which can simulate the case that the HR version of the input LR face is present in the training set, it thus iteratively enhances the final hallucination result. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed TLcR-RL method achieves a substantial increase in the hallucinated results, both subjectively and objectively. In addition, the proposed framework is more robust to face misalignment and the SSS problem, and its hallucinated HR face is still very good when the LR test face is from the real world. The MATLAB source code is available at https://github.com/junjun-jiang/TLcR-RL.