Predictors of Suicidal Ideation Among IBD Outpatients

Abstract

Background: Suicidal ideation (SI) is understudied in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aim to determine SI rates among IBD outpatients and to evaluate predictors of SI. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study of consecutive adult IBD outpatients over 18 months. Patients were screened for depression and SI using patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Demographic data were obtained from electronic medical record. Regression modeling was used for predictor analyses. Results: In total, 71 of consecutive 1352 IBD outpatients had SI. Significant correlations between SI and depression severity, tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), IBD-related quality of life, and low vitamin D levels were seen. Univariate regression showed that depression severity, TCA use, and quality of life predicted SI. Multivariate regression showed depression severity (β=0.46; P =0.002) and TCA use (β=0.31; P =0.012) made unique contributions. Conclusions: SI is associated with depressive severity and less directly with IBD activity. Low-dose TCA, often used for chronic abdominal pain, is also a risk factor. Identifying the subset of IBD patients most vulnerable to SI can facilitate proper referrals to behavioral services and prevent progression to completed suicides.